Resumen El uso de anabólicos como promotores de crecimiento en producción de especies menores ha resultado rentable demostrado por investigaciones previas realizadas a nivel nacional e internacionalmente, para lo cual se establece el presente ensayo en la provincia de Santa Elena. Para esta investigación se establecieron 4 tratamientos con diferentes dosis de Boldenona definidos como: T1= 0,025ml, T2 = 0,035ml, T3 = 0,045ml y T4 = testigo; cada uno con 7 repeticiones. El régimen alimenticio fue a base de alfalfa como forraje fresco dosificado según las etapas de producción de los cuyes. Las variables a evaluar en este ensayo son el consumo de alimento (CA), ganancia de peso (GP), índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA) y la relación beneficio/costo por cada gramo de carne en pie producida, las mismas que fueron evaluadas de manera semanal. En base a los resultados obtenidos se destaca que el mejor tratamiento respecto a las variables de GP y CA es el T2 en donde se alcanzaron valores de 1053,42g/ff/semanal y 17,82g/semanal por tratamiento; el mejor valor de ICA se obtuvo en el T4 con 3,9. El mejor tratamiento en cuanto al costo por gramo de carne en pie producido es el T1 (0,025ml) con un costo de $0,02g de carne por semana. Finalmente, las variables evaluadas no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas, pero en la práctica las ganancias de peso e índices de conversión alimenticia que se obtuvieron representan rentabilidad productividad para los sistemas de explotación de estas especies.

Abstract The use of anabolic as enhancers of growth in the production of minor species have turned out to be profitable as shown by research done at a national and international level, here tested in Santa Elena province. For this investigation, 4 treatments were established by different doses of Boldenona defined like: T1 = 0,025ml, T2 = 0,035ml, T3 = 0,045ml and T4 = witness; each one with 7 repetitions. The food regime was based on alfalfa as fresh forage dosed according to the stages of production of the guinea pigs. The variables for evaluating this test are the food consumption (CA), profit of weight (GP), index of food conversion (ICA) and the relation Benefit / cost for every gram of meat produced, the same ones that were evaluated in a weekly agenda. On the basis of the obtained results one emphasizes that the best treatment with regard to the variables of GP and CA is the T2 where there were reached values of 1053,42g/ff/weekly and 17,82g/weekly by treatment; the ICA's best value was obtained in the T4 by 3,9. The best treatment as for the cost for gram of meat in produced foot is the T1 (0,025ml) with a cost of $0,02g of meat per week. Finally, the evaluated variables do not present statistical significant differences, but in the practice, the earnings of weight and indexes of food conversion that were obtained represent profitability productivity for the systems of exploitation of these species.

Resumen El presente trabajo formó parte del proyecto de investigación Calidad Nutricional, degradabilidad ruminal y digestibilidad fecal de Moringa oleifera. Se fistularon caprinos machos criollos de 24 a 36 meses, peso promedio 35kg, evaluados clínicamente sin presentar síntomas patológicos. Previo a la cirugía las cabras fueron sometidas a ayuno de sólidos y líquidos, en el pre operatorio se utilizó Meloxican, Penicilina G Procaína, acepromacina y Ketamina, además se realizó una sedación regional con epidural craneal y bloqueos de los nervios paravertebrales izquierdo T13, L1, L2 con lidocaína al 2 %. La ruminotomía es la apertura del rumen donde se aplicaron dos técnicas de fistulación ruminal, en ambas se colocó al animal de cubito lateral izquierdo para incidir en la zona del ijar, superado el plano subcutáneo divulsionando las fibras de los músculos oblicuo abdominal externo, interno y el transverso abdominal, peritoneo para luego exponer el rumen e incidir en él y colocar la fistula ruminal fijándola con una sutura de jareta para introducirlo a la cavidad abdominal en ambas técnicas. En la primera, se unieron con hilos de sutura superficie del rumen, el peritoneo y los músculos mencionados para posterior cierre de la piel. En la segunda técnica solo se dejó que los músculos se replieguen a su posición inicial finalmente, se hizo acercamiento subcutáneo y sutura de piel con hilo nylon. A los 7 días postcirugía se determinó que los procesos de cicatrización y adherencia de los músculos y el rumen fueron similares en ambas técnicas.

Abstract This work was part of the research project Nutritional Quality, Ruminal Degradability and Fecal Digestibility of Moringa oleifera. Male goats were criollo from 24 to 36 months, average weight 35kg, evaluated clinically without presenting pathological symptoms. Prior to surgery, goats were subjected to fasting of solids and liquids, in the pre-operative phase, Meloxican, Penicillin G Procaine, acepromazine and Ketamine were used, as well as a regional sedation with cranial epidural and left paravertebral nerve blocks T13, L1 , L2 with 2% lidocaine. The ruminotomy is the opening of the rumen where two techniques of ruminal fistulation were applied, in both the left lateral cube animal was placed to incised in the area of the ijar, overcome the subcutaneous plane by dissecting the fibers of the external oblique, internal and external abdominal muscles. the transverse abdominal, peritoneum to then expose the rumen and incise in it and place the ruminal fistula fixing it with a purse string to insert it into the abdominal cavity in both techniques. In the first, the rumen, the peritoneum and the aforementioned muscles were joined with suture threads for subsequent closure of the skin. In the second technique, only the muscles were allowed to retract to their initial position finally, subcutaneous approach and skin suture with nylon thread was made. Seven days after surgery it was determined that the healing and adherence processes of the muscles and the rumen were similar in both techniques.

The last Chilean earthquake, occurred on February 27, 2010, allowed establishing important patterns of structural failures in reinforced concrete residential buildings; however, limited progress has been made in the study of basic standards of serviceability, such as obstruction of doors. Thus, this study focused on measuring the influence of design specifications and construction criteria of lintels and columns, in terms of obstruction of doors, considering capacity thresholds for certain levels of displacement. The study consisted of the design and construction of a full-scale prototype of a reinforced concrete frame, designed in accordance with all the ACI-318-08 requirements, taking into account typical aspects of geometry and materiality widely used by the real estate industry, for location and size of doors. In order to quantify the structural capacity of the prototype and to study the serviceability of the door, a quasi-static cyclic test was conducted, according to load and displacement protocols specified in FEMA 356 and FEMA 461, which was adjusted by using virtual models based on a static nonlinear analysis called "Pushover". This research verified that, for displacement levels even five times higher than those established by codes considered, the cracking degree was minimal and fully recoverable. It was also found the door evidenced malfunction when the displacements were greater than those specified by design only, validating a high degree of accomplishment of current codes, in terms of capacity and serviceability, when dealing with obstruction of residential doors.